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Between saints and demons

Notes about the posthumous fate of people disgraced by Ivan the Terrible

In 1583 the Russian Orthodox churches and monasteries introduced into their liturgy the Synodic of the Disgraced: prayers for those fallen into disgrace. The churches exercised full freedom in their prayer for the disgraced. Therefore different monasteries treated disgraced by the tsar differently: some as devout dead, others as condemned "zalozhnye" doomed to eternal suffering. The last way of treating deceased disgraced people corresponded to the tsar`s will, who tried to destroy these people` souls as well as their flesh. "Oprichniki" created special symbolic rituals which destroyed not only people but also many their passings as foul and dirty. This book is based on studies of the way of praying for victims of the Groznyi`s mass repressions by six monasteries of that time. Comments, name index. 49 illustrations.